 This is a list of publications from the Environmental Epidemiology Service. Publications are listed by title chronologically within each topic. View these citations in NEJM format (author listed first.)
There is a link to the abstract for a publication when available.
Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom Veterans
- The effectiveness of a monetary incentive on response rates in a survey of recent U.S. veterans.*†
Coughlin S, Aliaga P, Barth S, Eber S, Maillard J, Mahan C, Kang H, Schneiderman A, DeBakey S, Vanderwolf P, Williams M.
Survey Practice 2011.
- Risk of suicide among U.S. veterans after returning from the Iraq or Afghanistan war zones.*
Kang HK, Bullman TA.
JAMA 2008; 300: 652-653.
- Understanding sequelae of injury mechanisms and mild traumatic brain injury incurred during the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan: persistent post-concussive symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder.*
Schneiderman AI, Braver ER, Kang HK.
Am J Epidemiol 2008;167:1446-1452.
- Mental health care needs among recent war veterans.*
Kang HK, Hyams KC.
N Engl J Med 2005;352:1289.
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Gulf War Veterans
- Longitudinal health study of US 1991 Gulf War veterans: Changes in health status at 10-year follow-up.*
Li B, Mahan CM, Kang HK, Eisen SA, Engel CC.
Am J Epidemiol 2011.
- Alcohol use and selected health conditions of 1991 Gulf War veterans: Survey results, 2003-2005.*
Coughlin SS, Kang HK, Mahan CM.
Prev Chronic Dis 2011;8(3).
- Selected health conditions among overweight, obese, and non-obese veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: Results from a survey conducted in 2003-2005.*
Coughlin SS, Kang HK, Mahan CM.
The Open Epidemiology Journal 2011; 4:140-146.
- Investigating the risk of cancer in 1990-1991 U.S. Gulf War veterans with the use of state cancer registry data.*
Young HA, Maillard JD, Levine PH, Simmens SJ, Mahan CM, Kang HK.
Ann Epidemiol 2010; 20:265-272.
- Neurological mortality among U.S. veterans of the Persian Gulf War: 13-year follow-up.*
Barth SK, Kang HK, Bullman TA, Wallin MT.
Am J Ind Med 2009;52:663-670.
- Neuropsychologic assessment of a population-based sample of Gulf War veterans.*
Wallin MT, Wilken J, Alfaro MH, Rogers C, Mahan CM, Chapman JC, Fratto T, Sullivan C, Kang HK, Kane R.
Cog Behav Neurol 2009;22:155-166.
- Health of U.S. veterans of 1991 Gulf War: A follow-up survey in 10 years.*
Kang HK, Li B, Mahan CM, Eisen SA, Engel CC.
J Occup Environ Med 2009;51:401-410.
- Mental health of U.S. Gulf War veterans 10 years after the war.*
Toomey R, Kang HK, Karlinsky J, Baker D, Vasterling J, Alpern R, Reda D, Henderson W, Murphy F, Eisen S.
British J Psychiatry 2007;190:385-393.
- A study of Gulf War veterans with a possible deployment-related syndrome.*
Levine PH, Richardson PK, Zolfaghari L, Cleary SD, Geist CE, Potolicchio S, Young HA, Simmens S, Schessel D, Williams K, Mahan CM, Kang HK.
Arch Environ Occup Health 2006;61:271-278.
- Healthcare utilization and mortality among veterans of the Gulf War.*
Gray GC, Kang HK.
Phil Trans R Soc B 2006;361:553-569.
- Spouses of Persian Gulf War I veterans: medical evaluation of a U.S. cohort.*
Eisen SA, Karlinsky J, Jackson LW, Blanchard M, Kang HK, Murphy FM, Alpern R, et al.
Mil Med 2006;171(7):613-618.
- Fatal motor vehicle crashes among veterans of the 1991 Gulf War and exposure to munitions demolitions at Khamisiyah: a nested case control study.*
Gackstetter GD, Hooper TI, DeBakey SF, Johnson A, Nagaraj BE, Heller JM, Kang HK.
Am J Ind Med 2006;49:261-270.
- Understanding the effect of deployment on the risk of fatal motor vehicle crashes: a nested case-control study of fatalities in Gulf War era veterans, 1991-1995.*
Hooper TI, DeBakey SF, Bellis KS, Kang HK, Cowan DN, Lincoln AE, Gackstetter GD.
Accid Anal Prev 2006;38:518-525.
- The War-Related Illness and Injury Study Centers: A resource for deployment-related health concerns.*
Lincoln AE, Helmer DA, Schneiderman AI, Li M, Copeland HL, Prisco MK, Wallin MT, Kang HK, Natelson BH.
Mil Med 2006;171:577-585.
- Motor vehicle fatalities among Gulf War era veterans: characteristics, mechanisms and circumstances.*
Lincoln AE, Hooper TI, Kang HK, DeBakey SF, Cowan DN, Gackstetter GD.
Traffic Inj Prev 2006;7:31-37.
- Chronic multisymptom illness complex in Gulf War I veterans 10 years later.*
Blanchard MS, Eisen SA, Alpern R, Karlinsky J, Toomey R, Reda DJ, Murphy FM, Jackson LW, Kang HK.
Am J Epidemiol 2006;163:66-75.
- Patterns of health care seeking of Gulf War registry members prior to deployment.*
Miller R, Costigan DJ, Young HA, Kang HK, et al.
Mil Med 2006;171:370-375.
- Mortality in U.S. Army Gulf War veterans exposed to 1991 Khamisiyah Chemical Munitions Destruction.*
Bullman TA, Mahan CM, Kang HK, Page WF.
Am J Public Health 2005;95:1382-1388.
- Gulf War veterans’ health: medical evaluation of a U.S. cohort.*
Eisen SA, Kang HK, Murphy FM, et al.
Ann Intern Med 2005;142:881-890.
- Leveraging existing databases to study vehicle crashes in combat occupational cohort: epidemiologic methods.*
Hooper TI, DeBakey SF, Lincoln AE, Kang HK, Cowan DN, Gackstetter GD.
Am J Ind Med 2005;48:118-127.
- The role of sexual assault on the risk of PTSD among Gulf War veterans.*
Kang HK, Dalager NA, Mahan CM, Ishii E.
Ann Epidemiol 2005;15:191-195.
- Is testicular cancer related to Gulf War Deployment? Evidence from a pilot population-based study of Gulf War era veterans and cancer registries.*
Levine PH, Young HA, Simmens SJ, Rentz D, Kofie VE, Mahan CM, Kang HK.
Mil Med 2005;170:149-153.
- Health effects in Army Gulf War veterans possibly exposed to chemical munitions destruction at Khamisiyah, Iraq, I. Morbidity associated with potential exposure.*
Mahan CM, Page WF, Bullman TA, Kang HK.
Mil Med 2005;170:935-944.
- Health effects in Army Gulf War veterans possibly exposed to chemical munitions destruction at Khamisiyah, Iraq, II. Morbidity associated with notification of potential exposure.*
Page WF, Mahan CM, Kang HK, Bullman TA.
Mil Med 2005;170:945-951.
- Clinical and laboratory assessment of distal peripheral nerves in Gulf War veterans and spouses.*
Davis LE, Eisen SA, Murphy FM, Alpern R, Parks BJ, Kang HK, et al.
Neurology 2004;63:1070-1077.
- After more than 10 years of Gulf War veteran medical evaluations, what have we learned?*
Gray GC, Gackstetter GD, Kang HK, Graham JT, Scott KC.
Am J Prev Med 2004;26:443-452.
- Late prevalence of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function abnormalities in Gulf War I veterans.*
Karlinsky JB, Blanchard M, Alpern R, Eisen SA, Kang HK, Murphy FM, Reda D.
Arch Intern Med 2004;164:2488–2491.
- Anthrax vaccination and self-reported symptoms, functional status, and medical conditions in the National Health Survey of Gulf War Era Veterans and Their Families.*
Mahan CM, Kang HK, Dalager NA, Heller JM.
Ann Epidemiol 2004;14:81–88.
- Variations in health communication needs among combat veterans.*
Schneiderman AI, Lincoln AE, Curbow BA, Kang HK.
Am J Public Health 2004;94:2074-2076.
- The postwar hospitalization experience of Gulf War veterans participating in U.S. health registries.*
Smith TC, Jimenez DL, Smith B, Gray GC, Hooper TI, Gackstetter GD, Heller JM, et al.
J Occup Environ Med 2004;46:386–397.
- Symptom patterns among Gulf War registry veterans.*
Hallman WK, Kipen HM, Diefenbach M, Boyd K, Kang H, Leventhal H, Wartenberg D.
Am J Public Health 2003;93:624–630.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness among Gulf War veterans: A population based survey of 30,000 veterans.*
Kang HK, Natelson BH, Mahan CM, Lee KY, Murphy FM.
Am J Epidemiol 2003;157:141–148.
- Factor analysis of fatiguing syndrome in Gulf War era veterans: implications for etiology and pathogenesis.*
Young HA, Simmens SJ, Kang HK, Mahan CM, Levine PH.
J Occup Environ Med 2003;45:1268–1273.
- Risk of motor vehicle fatality associated with prior morbidity among Gulf War era veterans.
DeBakey S, Paxton M, Weaver R, Lange J, Cowan D, Kang H, et al.
Ann Epidemiol 2002;12: 509.
- Fatal motor vehicle crashes among veterans of the Gulf War era: A nested case-control study.
Gackstetter GD, DeBakey S, Cowan D, et al.
Ann Epidemiol 2002;12:509–510.
- Mortality among U.S. and U.K. veterans of the Persian Gulf War: A review.*
Kang HK, Bullman TA, Macfarlane GJ, Gray GC.
Occup Environ Med 2002;59:794–799.
- Evidence for a deployment related Gulf War syndrome by factor analysis.*
Kang HK, Mahan CM, Lee KY, Murphy FM, Simmens SJ, Young HA, Levine PH.
Arch Environ Health 2002;57:61-68.
- Mortality among U.S. veterans of the Gulf War: 7-year follow-up.*
Kang HK, Bullman TA.
Am J Epidemiol 2001;154:399–405.
- Pregnancy outcomes among U.S. Gulf War veterans: A population-based survey of 30,000 veterans.*
Kang HK, Magee C, Mahan C, Lee K, Murphy F, Jackson L, et al.
Ann Epidemiol 2001;11:504–511.
- Illnesses among U.S. veterans of Gulf War: A population-based survey of 30,000 veterans.*
Kang HK, Mahan CM, Lee KY, Magee CA, Murphy FM.
J Occup Environ Med 2000;42:491–501.
- Gulf War Veterans’ Health Registries. Who is most likely to seek evaluation?*
Gray GC, Hawksworth AW, Smith TC, Kang HK, Knoke JD, Gackstetter GD.
Am J Epidemiol 1999;148:343–349.
- Prevalence of chronic fatigue and chemical sensitivities in Gulf registry veterans.*
Kipen HM, Hallman W, Kang HK, Fiedler N, Natelson BH.
Arch Environ Health 1999;54:313–318.
- The health status of Gulf War veterans: Lessons learned from the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Registry.*
Murphy FM, Kang HK, Dalager NA, Lee KY, Allen RE, Mathers SH, et al.
Mil Med 1999;164:327–331.
- Counterpoint: Negligible "healthy-warrior effect" on Gulf War veterans' mortality.*
Kang HK, Bullman TA.
Am J Epidemiol 1998;148:324–325.
- The postwar hospitalization experience of U.S. veterans of the Persian Gulf War.*
Gray GC, Coate BD, Anderson CM, Kang HK, et al.
N Engl J Med 1996;335:1505–1513.
- Mortality among U.S. veterans of the Persian Gulf War.*
Kang HK, Bullman TA.
N Engl J Med 1996;335:1498–1504.
- Unexplained illnesses among Desert Storm veterans: A search for causes, treatment, and cooperation.*
Blanck RR, Hiatt J, Hyams KC, Kang HK, et al.
Arch Intern Med 1995;155:262–268.
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Vietnam Veterans
- Mortality patterns of Army Chemical Corps veterans who were occupationally exposed to herbicides in Vietnam.*
Cypel Y, Kang H.
Ann Epidemiol 2010;20:339-346.
- Health status of Army Chemical Corps Vietnam veterans who sprayed defoliant in Vietnam.*
Kang HK, Dalager NA, Needham LL, Patterson DG, Lees PSJ, Yates K, Matanoski GM.
Am J Ind Med 2006;49:875-884.
- U.S. Army Chemical Corps Vietnam veterans health study: preliminary results.*
Kang HK, Dalager NA, Needham LL, et al.
Chemosphere 2001;43:943–949.
- Mortality among Army Chemical Corps Vietnam veterans.*
Dalager ND, Kang HK.
Am J Ind Med 1997;31:719–726.
- A case-control study of lung cancer among Vietnam veterans.*
Mahan CM, Bullman TA, Kang HK, Selvin S.
J Occup Environ Med 1997;39:740-747.
- Mortality patterns among Vietnam veterans: 24-year retrospective analysis.*
Watanabe KK, Kang HK.
J Occup Environ Med 1996;38:272–278.
- Hodgkin's disease and Vietnam service.*
Dalager NA, Kang HK, Burt VL, Weatherbee L.
Ann Epidemiol 1995;5:400–406.
- Military service in Vietnam and the risk of death from trauma and selected cancers.*
Watanabe KK, Kang HK.
Ann Epidemiol 1995;5:407–412.
- Risk of testicular cancer associated with surrogate measures of Agent Orange exposure among Vietnam veterans on the Agent Orange Registry.*
Bullman TA, Watanabe KK, Kang HK.
Ann Epidemiol 1994;4:11–16.
- Dioxin, health effects, handbook of hazardous materials.
Kang HK.
Academic Press, 1993.
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among Vietnam veterans.*
Dalager NA, Kang HK, Burt VL, Weatherbee L.
J Occup Med 1991;33:774–779.
- Dioxins and dibenzofurans in adipose tissue of U.S. Vietnam veterans and controls.*
Kang HK, Watanabe KK, Breen J, et al.
Am J Public Health 1991;81:344–349.
- Mortality among Vietnam veterans: With methodological considerations.*
Watanabe KK, Kang HK, Thomas TL.
J Occup Med 1991;33:780–785.
- Proportionate mortality among U.S. Army Vietnam veterans who served in Military Region I.*
Bullman TA, Kang HK, Watanabe KK.
Am J Epidemiol 1990;132:670–674.
- Mortality and morbidity among Army Chemical Corps Vietnam veterans: a preliminary report.*
Thomas TL, Kang HK.
Am J Ind Med 1990;18:665–673.
- Proportionate mortality study of U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps veterans of the Vietnam War.*
Breslin P, Kang HK, Lee Y, Burt V, Shepard BM.
J Occup Med 1988;30:412–419.
- The risk of soft tissue sarcoma in veterans of Vietnam conflict. In AL Young & GM Reggiani (Eds.), Agent Orange and its associated dioxin: Assessment of a controversy. Shepard BM, Kang HK, Enzinger FM, Hobson LB.
Elsevier Science Publications, 1988.
- Soft tissue sarcoma and military service in Vietnam: A case-control study.*
Kang HK, Enzinger F, Breslin P, Feil M, Lee Y, Shepard B.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1987;79:693–699.
- Effects of the military draft on mortality.*
Kang HK, Breslin PP.
N Engl J Med 1986;315: 454.
- Soft tissue sarcomas and military service in Vietnam: A case comparison group analysis of hospital patients.*
Kang HK, Weatherbee L, Breslin PP, Lee Y, Shepard BM.
J Occup Med 1986;28: 1215–1218.
- Rationale and description of the federally sponsored epidemiological research in the United States on the phenoxy herbicides.
Young AL, Kang HK, Shepard BM.
In G. Choudhary, L.H. Keith & C. Rappe (Eds.), Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in the total environment II. Boston, Mass.: Butterworth Publishers, 1985:155-166.
- Health effects of Agent Orange exposure.
Kang HK, Shepard BM, Young AL.
In Occupational Medicine Current Concepts 7, No. 3. New York State Department of Health,1984.
- Chlorinated dioxins as herbicide contaminants.
Young AL, Kang HK, Shepard AL.
Environmental Science and Technology 1983;17:530A–540A.
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Women Vietnam Veterans
- Mortality patterns among women Vietnam-era veterans: Results of a retrospective study.*
Cypel Y, Kang H.
Ann Epidemiol 2008;18:244-252.
- Pregnancy outcomes among U.S. women Vietnam veterans.*
Kang HK, Mahan CM, Lee KY, Magee CA, Mather SH, Matanoski G.
Am J Ind Med 2000;38:447–454.
- Prevalence of gynecologic cancers among female Vietnam veterans.*
Kang HK, Mahan CM, Lee KY, Magee CA, Selvin S.
J Occup Environ Med 2000;42:1121–1127.
- Cancer mortality patterns among women who served in the military: the Vietnam experience.*
Dalager NA, Kang HK, Thomas TL.
J Occup Med 1995;37:298–305.
- Mortality among women Vietnam veterans, 1973–1987.*
Thomas TL, Kang HK, Dalager NA.
Am J Epi 1991;134:973–980.
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Psychological Outcomes Among Vietnam Veterans
- Posttraumatic stress disorder and the risk of traumatic death among Vietnam veterans.
Bullman TA, Kang HK.
In C. Fullerton & R. Ursano (Eds.), Posttraumatic stress disorder, acute and long-term responses to trauma and disaster. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press 1997.
- The risk of suicide among wounded Vietnam veterans.*
Bullman TA, Kang HK.
Am J Public Health 1996;86:662–667.
- A study of suicide among Vietnam veterans.
Bullman TA, Kang HK.
Federal Practitioner 1995;12:9–13.
- Posttraumatic stress disorder and the risk of traumatic deaths among Vietnam veterans.*
Bullman TA, Kang HK.
J Nerv Ment Dis 1994;182:604–610.
- Posttraumatic stress disorder among Vietnam veterans on the Agent Orange Registry: A case-control analysis.*
Bullman TA, Kang HK, Thomas TL.
Ann Epidemiol 1991;1: 505–512.
- Combat experience and post service psychosocial status as predictor of suicide in Vietnam veterans.*
Farberow NL, Kang HK, Bullman TA.
J Nerv Ment Dis 1990;178:32–37.
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Radiation Exposure
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Mustard Gas Exposure
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Methodology, Summary, or Other
- Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease.*
Coughlin SS.
Open Cardiovasc Med J 2011;5:164-170.
- Mortality follow-up of veterans who participated in military chemical and biological warfare agent testing between 1962 and 1972.*
Kang HK, Bullman TA.
J Toxicol Environ Health A 2009;72:1550-1552.
- Is there an epidemic of suicides among current and former U.S. military personnel?*
Kang HK, Bullman TA.
Ann Epidemiol 2009;19:757-760.
- Sexual harassment and assault experienced by reservists during military service: Prevalence and health correlates.*
Street AE, Stafford J, Mahan CM, Hendricks A.
Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development 2008;45:409-420.
- Veterans and functional status transitions in older Americans.
Liu X, Engel Jr CC, Kang HK, Armstrong DW.
Mil Med 2006;171:942-949.
- Risk of selected cardiovascular diseases and posttraumatic stress disorder among former World War II Prisoners of War.*
Kang HK, Bullman TA, Taylor JW.
Ann Epidemiol 2006;16:381-386.
- Vital status ascertainment through the files of the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Social Security Administration.*
Page WF, Mahan CM, Kang HK.
Ann Epidemiol 1996;6:102–109.
- The effects of mustard gas, ionizing radiation, herbicides, trauma, and oil smoke on U.S. military personnel: The results of veterans studies.*
Bullman TA, Kang HK.
Annu Rev Public Health 1994;15:69–90.
- Resources for epidemiologic research in Vietnam era veteran populations within the Department of Veterans Affairs.
Kang HK.
In Epidemiology in military and Veteran populations Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 1991:97-103.
- National sources of vital status information: Extent of coverage and possible selectivity in reporting [Letter to the editor].*
Kang HK, Thomas TL.
Am J Epidemiol 1990;132:1196–1197.
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†VA does not endorse and is not responsible for the content of the linked Web site.
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